Eva Wilson, 'Dust and Shadow and Afterlife', 2014 | ING
“Afterlife” | 45 Art Basel | Arratia, Beer Gallery
Published at "Afterlife", co-edited by Arratia Beer and Beau Dessordre Press, 1st ed. 2014

At the beginning of the 20th century, Aby Warburg constructed his famous Kulturwissenschaftliche Bibliothek in Hamburg around a classification system that was haunted by different categories of afterlife. As Georges Didi-Huberman explains, Warburg understood “Nachleben” as a structural term, not as a chronological one. He was interested in how antiquity lived on, resonated in different ages, sometimes by way of misinterpretation or complete reversal of original connotations, sometimes in iconoclastic clashes reacting to a sense of uncanny energy emanating from a work of art. Warburg “anachronised” history, folding time onto and into itself. Can a work of art die, does it have to die in order to have an afterlife, and what does this afterlife look like, encompass, entangle?

For his new series, Pablo Rasgado has delved into the depths of catalogues raisonnés, into the Bibliothèque Kandinsky at the Centre Pompidou and other fathomless archives in an attempt to recover lost images. You may argue that every research is an endeavour to retrieve or discover something that is lost or at least unknown. In Rasgado’s case however the objects he pursued had to remain lost in order to be singled out and reclaimed.

Rasgado was searching for the blind spots of art history: The images that his serendipitous investigation has disclosed were those that have gone missing, that have been misplaced, destroyed, forgotten, or stolen at some point in their biography, whose provenance expired into the status “present whereabouts unknown.”

This uncertain status was the uncanny energy that set Rasgado’s method into motion: as revenants, as undead images stemming from disparate moments of the past he anachronistically reanimated these absent paintings by producing replicas, forgeries in a way, or mimicries based on their photographic reproductions in books and catalogues. Together with an assistant, Rasgado set himself the task of repainting these works in their actual size and as close to the original as possible. In the absence of the paintings as models for the replica however the new images mimic not their originals but rather their surrogates, the photographs, in regard to the amount of detail and most importantly their colour palette: most of the re-painted works adopt the greyscale of the photographs taken at some point over the last century and transform the reproduction into an oil grisaille.

Accordingly the paintings chosen by Rasgado necessitate two predicaments: that they are nowhere to be found, and that at some point before their loss they were photographically recorded. Rasgado collides the media and genres of painting and photography and with them their many complex evocations of the absent, of their status as emanation or representation of something that they are not. He also collides two distinct chronologies: The paintings date back to the 1440s up to the 1960s, but their photographic records follow a different and independent timeline, as well as a very distinct phenomenological status.

A painting renders its object visible and tangible in a very different way than a photograph does. Rasgaldo calls to attention images that only survive grace to their translation into another, more mobile, more ephemeral medium (the Latin translatio indicates the removal of relics from one place to another), thereby adopting a spectral presence flowing through unlimited printed reiterations. Their reincarnation once more as paintings obfuscates identities on several levels: that of the painting itself (it is alike but it is not alike), of the author of the image (the painter, the photographer, the forger), and of the status of the new work: as original, as reproduction, and as palimpsest.

Volcanic eruptions and Aeolian flows (the movement of matter caused by wind) stir the dust of aeons. Dust consists in part of human debris, animal hair, pollution, or pollen. Other elements of dust are burnt particles of meteoroids, space dust, interplanetary matter. Rasgado, after recreating the lost paintings by Bellini, Velázquez, Léger, Balthus, etc., placed the canvases in a palatial building in the centre of Paris, in the Rue Vieille-du-Temple near the Archives Nationals, its heavy wooden door adorned with the head of a Medusa. The building is partly abandoned and has been left in a state of slow decay for many years. Occasional building works and solitary figures moving through the Baroque parlours and crossing the intricate marquetry of the halls disrupt the dust of ages resting stoically on golden stucco and blunt mirrors and set it into gentle motion.

Rasgaldo’s paintings, placed nonchalantly on the floor, along the Palais’ walls, and in remote corners, acted as attractors to this dust, binding it to their surfaces by virtue of an adhesive, working their magnetic forces over the course of several weeks. A thick layer of grime, grit, of ashes, smut, of time, life, and death, of meteor dust and cosmic components, of the abject, of excretion, of entropy and decay now clings to the cheeks of Philip IV, to Bellini’s Madonna, to Goya’s Stone Guest. The paintings have camouflaged themselves under a veil of dirty matter, adopting a new skin and a new amalgamation of archaeological continuity compressed into debris. In their exposed placement on the palace’s floor, the paintings attracted over patrons, too: A snail calmly traversed the still life after Mondrian and left behind a glistening trail in its wake (Vanitas. After. Pitcher with Onions). The Léger replica fell victim to a stray dog’s attempt to mark its terrain (Pissed. After. Nature Morte). More intentionally, a portrait after Whistler has been kissed by a muse, Rasgaldo’s girlfriend leaving the marks of her lips on Dr. Isaac Burnet Davenport’s smooth forehead. A few of the paintings even went missing–stolen maybe, removed, or cleaned away much like Beuys’ famous fat corner, and might—who knows—reappear as originals someday, somewhere.

Rasgado himself then took to reworking the remaining paintings obscured under the veil of dust—working blindly through the thick blanket and unearthing traces, elements of the images, cleaning, excavating, exhuming the canvas, carving out an image and thereby employing the technique of a classical sculptor much rather than that of a painter. The forms laid bare by his manipulations differ greatly–sometimes they seem to be casual wipes across the surface, in other instances they are highly geometric and premeditated. Bellini’s Madonna has been rendered comically absurd, only eyes and mouth drawn into the dust to create minimal smiley faces, reminiscent as much of Cecilia Gimenez’ infamously botched attempt at restoring an Ecce Homo fresco in Zaragoza as it is of Deleuze and Guattari’s analysis of faciality being the eternal iteration of the “white wall / black hole system,” of surfaces (signifiance) defined by apertures (subjectification).

Several still lifes or natures mortes lurk under the coat of dust in Rasgado’s series. As a genre, they reflect the ambivalence of the nature of painting: While arresting nature and life into a static, immutable form and playing with symbols of decay and death as memento mori, they also transubstantiate a moribund object into an immortal artefact, dodging the bullet of temporality. Dust, as the ultimate reminder of transience, similarly can be reinterpreted as a perfect fertilizer in Rasgaldo’s Afterlife: as the white slate that facilitates the productive force of iteration, of anachronism and recollection.

Eva Wilson

Willy Kautz, 'Ojo por diente', 2013 | ESP
Texto de sala | "Ojo Por diente"| Galeria OMR
27.09.2013 - 30.11.2013

La alegoría es, en el dominio del pensamiento, lo que las ruinas en el dominio de las cosas.
Walter Benjamin

La historia cultural como marco de las transformaciones arquitectónicas, puede entenderse como un flujo de formas predestinadas a su eventual decadencia, como si las tipologías fueran consecuencias naturales de los órdenes sociales, económicos y políticos. Tematizado con regularidad por los discursos de la modernidad a partir del siglo XIX, estos procesos de transformación civilizatoria fueron inicialmente asimilados por la teoría evolucionista que desmanteló la oposición entre historia cultural, irreversible, y la historia natural, cíclica. Esta imbricación entre la historicidad cultural y natural con la teoría social, tiene uno de sus momentos más significativos en la época en que la arqueología y las expediciones imperialista encuentran en la teoría evolucionista, la tesis moral para justificar el dominio de los fuertes sobre los más débiles. Así, la pérdida de función de las formas culturales guardan, desde entonces, una estrecha relación con la naturaleza, por lo menos en tanto que analogía. Diente por ojo, un proyecto escultórico de Pablo Rasgado, guarda estrecha relación con estos debates acerca de la “naturalización” de las formas sociales. Más que una alusión a la lucha entre los fuertes y los débiles, esta instalación in situ aborda el sentido estético subsecuente a la historia de la cultura en su relación con el desgaste de la funcionalidad de los objetos, en este caso, los inmuebles. Con Diente por ojoel artista propone un juego entre formas que se muestran precariamente, y que desaparecen en el aire sin dejar claro a primera vista, si se trataba de huellas de lo civilizatorio, fragmentos alegóricos, o bien, objetos intersticiales que pueden ser tanto vestigios culturales como biológicos.

El tema del proyecto tiene como fondo los procesos de transformación de las formas consecuentes de la irrupción de una función nueva en otra decadente. Estos procedimientos, históricos, tienen mayor visibilidad en el contexto de las transformaciones arquitectónicas, tal como fuera el desmantelamiento de los templos antiguos, una suerte de metamorfosis en la que las grandes figuras esculpidas sobrevivieron sólo en fragmentos, en ruina. En este sentido, la ruina no debe entenderse como la síntesis resultante de las tensiones entre cultura y naturaleza, sino más bien su disolución. Esta problemática de pérdida de identidad de lo cultural y lo natural, es equiparable a como Pablo Rasgado esculpe formas que se asemejan a los fósiles, a partir de los desechos de un inmueble en remodelación, cuya tipología, -un caserón suntuoso de comienzos del siglo XX-, ha padecido diversas alteraciones en su función, sin que las formas arquitectónicas correspondientes a una época y estilo se vieran afectadas[1]. La remodelación de sus estructuras internas por ende, se vuelve el contexto de operación de la obra de Pablo Rasgado, interesado en la re-utilización de los materiales extraídos para crear formas de apariencia fósil, que eventualmente se convertirán en escombros. Con este procedimiento la obra se percibe como un juego de tensiones entre lo contingente y lo estable, mismo que permite aproximarse fenomenológicamente a sus constituciones simbólicas proclives a los fragmentos de orden alegórico que recuerdan las hallazgos arqueológicos y/o fósiles.

Las caracterización que hiciera el poeta alegórico Charles Baudelaire de la modernidad, en 1863: “La modernidad es lo transitorio, lo fugitivo, lo contingente, que es la mitad del arte, cuya otra mitad es lo inmutable”; también da cabida a la reflexión sobre la fosilización de lo simbólico. En relación a la historicidad cultural, las tensiones entre lo eterno y lo fugitivo, se percibe a veces como acumulación de la fugacidad en fragmentos superpuestos. Este leitmotivreverbera en nuestras aproximación a las formaciones urbanas, constatando en sus procesos de construcción la prescripción de su eventual conversión en ruina. Como si fuera un ciclo, este desencadenamiento que tiende a sintetizar, o bien, fosilizar lo arquitectónico en lo natural, se percibe como un vestigio del tiempo, mismo que paradójicamente no puede visualizarse como recuperación del pasado, sino su alegoría, tal como sucede en la fragmentación de lo urbano en la vida moderna.

A grandes rasgos, esta analogía entre cultura y naturaleza que fuera el centro de discusión de gran parte del pensamiento del siglo XX, -sobre todo bajo la noción hegeliana de la filosofía de la historia y el zeitgeistde cada época-, introduce un sesgo fenomenológico y, por tanto, metafísico, que cuando aplicado a los objetos con pertenencia simbólica, temporal, abre la percepción hacia presencias del “ser en el tiempo” un tanto escurridizas y paradójicas. La naturaleza en este sentido es entendida como la historia de las formas culturales en su proceso de petrificación, equivalente a la dialéctica de lo eterno, una vez que ésta se percibe como depositario atemporal de los vestigios culturales. El proyecto de Pablo Rasgado, al direccionar estos procesos de transformación simbólica de las formas, puede pensarse en esta línea de reflexión que tiene sus comienzos en la arqueología del presente cultural, -moderno y urbano-, como si la historia se constituyera por capas superpuestas de fragmentos arquitectónicos. En este devenir del pasado como historia cultural del ahora, se articula un marco para el discurrir y aparecer de los “fósiles” escultóricos que, en el contexto del proyecto de Pablo Rasgado, hacen reverberar figuras en un inevitable desvanecer: del ladrillo al polvo, del ojo al diente, a ladrillo nuevamente, en un ciclo aparentemente natural.

El proyecto Ojo por dientecomo reacomodo del enunciado bíblico, “diente por diente, ojo por ojo”, que significa a cada cosa su equivalente, no se muestra en este caso en sintonía con esta dialéctica moderna que opone la cultura a la naturaleza en procura de una síntesis estabilizadora. El acontecer de los procesos de naturalización del hecho cultural que articula la propuesta artística, es decir, el modo en que se refiere a los procesos de “eternización” de la mercancía inmobiliaria en su conversión en fósil, en este caso son señalados como consecuentes del desgaste de la funcionalidad. Más que establecer equivalencias, supone el tránsito de uno en otro, por lo tanto, contrario al abandono de lo cultural, histórico, al orden natural y su eventual conversión en ruina por su desgaste entrópico.

Como caso simétricamente y a la vez opuesto a los procesos de remodelación de la galería OMR, existe una casa cuasi contigua, -otra mansión burguesa de principios del siglo-, en la que es evidente su decadencia, debido al total abandono del inmueble a su suerte, por consiguiente, su “ruinificación”. A pesar de su ubicación en el seno de la Ciudad de México, la invasión de los factores externos, naturales, hace notable su aspecto ruinoso entre hiervas que crecen al tiempo que fragmentan la estructura arquitectónica. En el caso del proyecto llevado a cabo en el inmueble de la galería OMR, por el contrario, el aspecto ruinoso deviene de los procesos económicos de renovación de los inmuebles, y por lo tanto, las esculturas que ahí tiene lugar anticipan el imaginario de la “fosilización”, esto es, el devenir naturaleza de lo cultural. A modo de estrategia espacial de sitio específico, las series de esculturas perecederas que moldea el artista a partir de los escombros retirado de los “excesos” del edificio original, son productos de factores intrínsecos, es decir, estimulados internamente desde la operatividad de la misma galería. Éstos, pueden colocarse simétricamente en relación un edificio abandonado, cuyo deterioro proviene de factores externos, naturales antes que económicos, estéticos, etc. En este sentido, si pensamos a estos dos inmuebles como procesos paralelos, mientras que uno es el destino de lo natural, el otro, no es otra cosa que su opuesto, es decir, la cultura que se renueva para mostrarse diferenciadamente desde dentro de sí misma. Esta otra forma cultural, revela una ontología de la fugacidad en las capas arquitectónicas superpuestas, un devenir simbólico en el tiempo entre formas que, paradójicamente, se rigen en relación a los procesos financieros y la pragmática de lo útil.

Entre esos tejidos invisibles, Rasgado propone un proyecto de carácter paleontológico, elaborado con base en formas geométricas y arquitecturas de carácter antiguo, como también figuras de apariencia geológicas y/o humanas. Estos objetos precarios aparentan a veces cuerpos mutilados, al grado que no sabemos si son escultura de polvo, o partes humanas entremezcladas con los escombros. Al igual que la descomposición de los sólidos en los procesos entrópicos, las esculturas se transmutan en otras, para crear una narrativa de encadenamiento temporal entre signos que se hacen y deshacen en otros a partir del mismo material. Esta disposición, por ende, sucede de forma análoga a los procesos tanto naturales como culturales, estéticos, sociales y financieros, en la medida en que las esculturas de apariencia fósil, no se petrifican en lo “eternidad” natural, sino más bien se constituyen desde factores temporales. En el intersticio consecuente del devenir de un sólido en otro sólido de los procesos arquitectónicos, tal desencadenamiento de formas escultóricas es un mostrarse fenomenológico intermitente de figuras que se disuelve sucesivamente en el aire, es decir, en su calidad de escombro inutilizable.

En su afán arqueológico, este proyecto escultórico trata el presente como un continuum, un aparecer y desaparecer de cosas que tanto pueden dejar su huella como simplemente evaporarse en el aire. Esta mecánica autodestructiva instaurada por la modernización que reifica y mercantiliza las formas sociales, al tiempo que subsume los estilos de vida a la caducidad del valor útil y las modas, si bien es el marco que permite a Pablo Rasgado desarrollar su propuesta, no delimita la discursividad del proyecto a la crítica de la mercancía. El reconocido enunciado de Marx y Angels en su Manifiesto del Partido Comunista (1948): “todo lo sólido se desvanece en el aire”, en este contexto puede comprenderse en relación a los procesos de “ruinificación”, sin que esto implique a los hechos históricos a las formas sociales relacionales derivadas de los sistemas de producción económico y simbólico. El fetiche de la mercancía inmobiliaria como vestigio fósil, contrapone la lógica del mercado a lo natural, contradicción inherente a los prácticas financieras del capital, en tanto que procedimiento instrumental[2]. No obstante, en el transito de lo útil a lo simbólico tiene lugar una serie de negociaciones que regulan y acotan los criterios para la preservación y/o la desaparición de las cosas, que aun cuando tengan como telón de fondo a las transformaciones reguladas por la economía, no siempre especulan autorreferencialmente en torno a esta condición heredada de las reflexiones modernas sobre la economía del capital.

Los sólidos se vuelven etéreos en la medida en que la determinación de los flujos de los signos dependen de los traspasos de la vida útil de una mercancía a otra, su caducidad en contraposición a la atemporalidad de la naturaleza, lo que en última instancia regula la desaparición o perpetración de una cosa en un fragmento cultural petrificado, ruinoso y fosilizado. La instalación de Pablo Rasgado, interrumpe esa normatividad, una vez que en lugar de colocar en escena a este mismo proceso, lo sitúa más bien como el escenario ineludible para la aparición de fenómenos simbólicos incluso más fugaces, cuasi metafísicos. Toda mercancía está condenada a la obsolescencia, al menos que sea re-considerada como valor cultural, sobrepasando la metafísica, más allá incluso de las determinaciones subsumidas a su valor cambiario. Su redención, esto es, la liberación de aquello que en última instancia significaría su desaparición como gesto absoluto, queda postergada. Las formas que esculpe Rasgado, esquivan la fosilización que revierte la naturaleza y las fuerzas de lo sublime en obra de arte, o bien, que buscan lo absoluto e inconmensurable en la experiencia simbólica. Las esculturas que crea Rasgado no son objetos, sino una imagen fósil, paradójicamente temporal, ya que se disuelve en el aire, cuando dejan de ser escultura para convertirse nuevamente en escombro.

Operar entre estos flujos de la construcción y su eventual abandono, también ha sido un terreno para la reflexión melancólica de la modernidad, en el sentido en que activa procesos nemónicos e historiográficos desde el sentido simbólico de los desechos. Walter Benjamin reinterpreta el método alegórico de Charles Baudelaire para analizar los mecanismos de conversión de los “sólidos” en desechos, que inscribe toda mercancía en tanto que objeto condenado a su autodestrucción. Cercano a la tradición alegórica de los poetas barrocos, Benjamin, ve al objeto de modo fragmentario, por lo tanto, transitorio. Así, al igual que cualquier mercancía, la ruina es la imagen del capital; su destructividad, en la que sólo vemos fragmentos de cosas que se transmutan en otras. Entonces, en este proceso, la autodestrucción se vuelve una analogía del trayecto natural. No obstante, podríamos pensar en un contraflujo, cuando los deshechos, -el gesto consciente de transformar algo sin valor en símbolo-, se vuelven alegóricos. La reflexión sobre el valor que coloca en operación la obra de Pablo Rasgado, tiene más que ver con el sentido de la forma, su aparición en tanto que deshecho, o bien, la reconfiguración del desecho insignificante en forma artística. Fruto de la actividad estética de la constatación del sentido de la forma, sus esculturas sobrepasan el valor de lo utilitario, al tiempo que son el último vestigio del excedente, el cadáver de aquello que alguna vez fue útil, antes de su evaporación. En su formación estética no obstante, los detritus cobran otro sentido. Ahora, más que acumulación de escombros -ladrillos y tablaroca-, son apariciones escultóricas que forman un registro fotográfico de su misma aparición. Su precariedad, sin condición alguna de petrificarse en el decurso atemporal de la historia natural, es simple fragmento melancólico, sin estructura, sin solidez, sólo una imagen fugaz entre los flujos del desvanecimiento de los sólidos.

A modo de una paleontología ficticia, Ojo por dienteda sentido a formas de carácter “fosilizado”, como si fueran huellas fantasmales, pero sin soporte, sin referente físico para constatar empíricamente el decurso de la desintegración del objeto o del cuerpo. Estas imágenes escultóricas aparecen como provenientes de “rocas sedimentarias”, como si el escenario ruinoso de una galería de arte en remodelación habilitara el sentido de estos hallazgos. Pero, como es evidente, estas formas creadas con la textura terrosa del tabique bermellón, asumen también la fisonomía de un sólido, la petrificación de lo natural a modo de huella de seres de otros tiempos, pero que no son ni siquiera fantasmas, puesto que no son registros que corresponden a algo que tuvo un pasado cultural antes de convertirse en vestigio. Por lo tanto, la estructura dialéctica de lo cultural/natural se disuelve, al tiempo que descubrimos que las esculturas, no son formas de vida del pasado, sino polvo moldeado por el artista, con la clara intención de esparcirlo en el aire.

Al nunca vincularse a la historia natural, estas imágenes son signos que forman otros signos, a modo de flujo sin contraposición, una fenomenología del símbolo, que se muestra desde los escombros. Aquí los sólidos provienen del aire y, por lo tanto, se desvanecen sin dejar huella en la naturaleza; mientras que la apariencia natural de las esculturas, se vuelve un archivo temporal de formas en continua re-simbolización. En esta dinámica los ojos pueden muy bien “fosilizarse” en dientes, ya que no existe objeto que determine su trayecto; de la misma manera en que una casa puede cambiar de función y de forma, aun cuando el cascarón sea el mismo. En esta dinámica, los vestigios no son ni los ojos ni los dientes, ni tampoco la arquitectura acechada por el abandono o la remodelación, sino los fósiles sin historia, como una ruina sin objeto. Paradójicamente, las alegorías se mantienen intactas, en los fragmentos escultóricos, hasta de que el aire las disuelva nuevamente, por falta solidez en escombros, antes de convertirse en ruina.

Willy Kautz
Septiembre, 2013


[1]La casa es la galería OMR localizada en la plaza Rio de Janeiro, Roma Norte. Tal colonia fue uno de los desarrollos urbanos de la burguesía de la Ciudad de México a principios del siglo XX.
[2]Susan Buck-Morss. “Naturaleza histórica: ruina”. Dialéctica de la mirada. Walter Benjamin y el proyecto de los Pasajes. La balsa de la Medusa, Madrid: 1989. p. 182.

Revista Código, Ojo por diente, 2013 | ESP
Entrevista a Pablo Rasgado

La serie de esculturas que presentas en Galería OMR parece traer a la sala de exhibición el proceso natural de desgaste de los inmuebles y los individuos que forman parte de una civilización. No obstante, el título hace referencia a un proceso más violento que el paso del tiempo. ¿Se trata de procesos opuestos? ¿Es tu intención hacer referencia a ese contraste?

El paso del tiempo es violento, aunque en algunos casos posea una temporalidad de mayor aliento. Todo sujeto u objeto por igual —e incluso aquellas cosas construidas para perdurar pese al paso de los siglos, como la arquitectura— experimentan cambios inmanentes en su forma, función y concepción histórica. Cual castillos de arena. Castillos de cal grava, ladrillo y arena.

En otras piezas has abordado la materialidad de la arquitectura y su relación con el espacio y el tiempo. Esta vez, los cuerpos humanos parecen mostrarse como un vestigio arquitectónico más. ¿Buscas hacer patente alguna similitud en ese sentido?

Vivimos en un mundo compuesto de estructuras, ya sean sociales, biológicas, lingüísticas o espaciales, y es interesante pensar cómo esas estructuras son delimitadas por sus habitantes y viceversa. Esto da como resultado un organismo (uso la palabra organismo desde la amplitud del término que bien puede referirse a moléculas, personas, instituciones o ciudades) permeado por las acciones que se llevan a cabo dentro de sus esqueletos, paredes, etc.

Las edificaciones pueden decir mucho de aquellos que las habitan. La forma del espacio es definida en función de las acciones que se llevan a cabo dentro de sus muros y los cambios que suceden a esas estructuras semi-estables cuentan de las facetas que experimentan aquellos que viven el espacio. No hablo de manera figurada, la relación es muy clara, directa entre estos cambios y los cambios que experimenta un organismo.

En tu serie Arquitectura desdoblada, convertiste fragmentos de muros museográficos en ruinas o rastros que se ensamblaban para crear composiciones pictóricas. En Ojo por diente, las ruinas vuelven a hacer su aparición. ¿Hay alguna continuidad entre estas dos series?

Es importante entender que no es mi intención ni mi procedimiento el convertir nada en ruina. En el caso de Arquitectura desdobladay esta exposición Ojo por diente, la situación ruinosa de los espacios estaba presente ya. Pero debo admitir que tengo cierto interés en esta condición ruinosa y estos dos proyectos que mencionas reflexionan sobre los despojos de nuestro pasado más reciente.

Las piezas de Ojo por dienteparecen evaporarse en el aire. Pese a representar cosas que habitualmente asociamos con perpetuidad y permanencia, tienen una apariencia de inestabilidad y de fugacidad. ¿Cuál es tu intención al desplazar de este modo las ideas de permanencia e impermanencia?

Dentro de esos procesos que suceden a un espacio no hay nada sencillo, la permanencia y la fugacidad son sólo fases de ese cambio constante y dependen enteramente del momento histórico en el que uno se posiciona.

El que las esculturas estén hechas de arena hace que no sean sólo una representación de los procesos de desgaste, sino que éstos sean visibles y sucedan en la galería. ¿Es tu intención que los visitantes noten los efectos de su presencia sobre las piezas?

Las esculturas que componen la muestra son figuras inestables que, al no poseer aglutinante alguno que mantenga la forma, seguirán cambiando a medida que el tiempo de exhibición avance. Me gusta esta idea de una exhibición en la que el objeto no está quieto, que continúa creciendo, acumulándose y mutando durante esos meses en relación a una situación que atañe al espacio, en esta caso la remodelación de las salas de exhibición. Ésta es una exposición donde la secuencia narrativa sucede durante un tiempo más largo y las sutilezas (muchas de ellas violentas) dentro de la muestra serán notadas solo por el espectador atento que no se contente con una sola visita y se vuelva partícipe de esa constante mutación del espacio y de la obra misma.

Bartolome Delmar, FUNDATORI QUIETIS, 2012 | ENG
Introductory Text | "Pyrrhic Victory"| ATEA
04.05.2012 - --.--.----

FUNDATORI QUIETIS

If someone asks about Pablo Rasgado, at least one thing must be said: he's always sought to take a hold of time; to own time. To record each and every one of his steps with the trappings of a Spiritist, the patience and discipline of a sharpshooter, and the somber humor of someone who seems to be planning to live forever. As if time were pliable, material, and eternal.

In this context, it's obvious that the Monumental would cross his path; a monument is nothing more than a tangible mark in time, filtered by the institutional dynamics that decide, as Pablo does, where to sew the seeds of the Historic―time that only exists because of our decision about when and how to delineate it.

Nevertheless, not all of the Monumental is interesting. If Rasgado's most basic act consists in the formsof recording a given chronological succession, at least up until now, we can suppose a renewed interest for the whyin historic memory in these pieces: before, we discussed an effort in archiving; now we're debating the aesthetic quality of the work under study.

The idea of an Arc de Triomphe, given its implication in the collective memory of society, given the necessarily bloody motive for its construction, is categorically poetic. It's the architectural embodiment of heroism, the living voice of a civilizing trait that, for better or worse, keeps us alive. The Arc, on the Monumental-Historic spectrum, is a reminder of martyrdom. It's now Rasgado's turn to elaborate on these ideas.

Thus it's far from gratuitous that the Arch of Constantine pays homage to the Roman Emperor as a 'founder of peace.' The phrase immediately connotes enormous effort: the founding act of a peaceful life supposes the containment, surely painful, of the outbreak of war. Founding peace is no other than annihilating confrontation: something dies, it’s martyrdom; and all the victories become Pyrrhic victories.

Representations of the Monumental, simultaneous representations dictated by a historic moment, do nothing more than position us with respect to questions about the passing of time. The founding of peace is a moment in which our chronologies are anchored―or at least the telling of them is―and thus Rasgado's voice assumes that of an overarching poetic narrative rather than a directed political commentary. Even if the Arch was forged with the blood and sweat of memorable figures, its existence still fails to assure us that time is our time; that its is the eternal one; and that transcendence ceases to depend on one or another arbitrary moment.

All that is Monumental, then, represents a Pyrrhic victory.


EL ENEMIGO GENEROSO ('THE GENEROUS ENEMY')

Possible victories.

Magnus Bardfor, in the year 1102, undertook the conquest of the kingdoms of Ireland;
it's said that on the eve of his death he received this greeting from Muirchertach, king in Dublin:

“May gold and the storm serve in your armies, Magnus Bardfor.

May tomorrow, in the fields of my kingdom, your battle be blessed.

May your king's hands weave wicked the cloth of your sword.

May those that oppose your sword serve as nourishment for the red swan.

May your multiple gods satiate you with glory, may they satiate you with blood.

May you be victorious when dawn comes, king who sets foot in Ireland.

May none of your many days shine as bright as tomorrow's.

Because this day will be your last. This I swear to you, King Magnus.

Because before your light is obliterated, I will defeat you and obliterate you, Magnus Bardfor."

Jorge Luis Borges, 'El Enemigo Generoso' ('The Generous Enemy'),
Historia Universal de la Infamia.


FUENTE ('FOUNTAIN')

We also find ourselves in the right conditions to comment on the Symbolic as a synonym of that which is pertinent in historic terms; that's to say, translating all that which has been able to transcend its defined temporal limits to become a universal sign; like a fountain, both a meeting point for the city of Antigua and a point of distribution for water as a fundamental resource, now the romantic material idealization of its original utility.

Or a Fountain, a tangible moment in the history of contemporary art when the simple act of decontextualizing a recognizable symbol (or many symbols) transformed the logic of knowing and getting to the heart of the aesthetic phenomenon. Duchamp reformulated the dynamics of historical definition; the cards that he put on the table have been handed down over time to find, almost a century later, an unbeatable solution.

Rasgado's contribution to the Duchampian game, however, does not betray his bedrock principles in the creative interest of commenting on a hallowed debate. In some way it's thinking about the discussion in and of itself: the Fountain of this Pyrrhic victory is a flourish on the transgression of Duchamp's famous urinal, intervened on with the leftovers of a triumph of yesteryear, the remains of trophies rusted by the passing of time as if Duchamp's 'triumph' continued to be one, although now worn. Ultimately, gold withstands the strains of temporality like few other elements in nature.

Thus, the marks of History are incorporated into reflections on Monumentality at other levels, adding yet another layer to the hermetic character of the exhibited work: the marks of History must accompany their own historical marks, exploring a labyrinthine set of reflections touching on Borges's creations and Duchamp's reflections on the extended spaces of the third and fourth dimensions.

In this sense, the fertility of a historical sign (commonly a symbol) does nothing other than reinforce its mythological condition. As more is said about any given Monumental object, more are the reasons to confirm its position in time and the ways in which a representation of the Historic reinforce, justifiably, our idea of 'the Historic.'

As with a fountain―a living metaphor for Heraclitus's river and a basic idea in Vico's thinking―time flows in iterations that depend on one another, acquiring new meanings that are always subject to the preceding ones.


HIDDEN, UNMARKED

Time that marks a symbol as a symbol, that sustains its name, that dresses it in its cloth in favor of uniformity, chronological linearity. Congruent time, which never betrays, always infallible until it stops doing so and betrays itself. The unmarked Monument.

The public character of the Monumental seems to be necessary. Social peace isn't achievable without some method of consensus, that of the inert symbol set in the town square for confirming the narratives of the social contract. The Monument as a historic agreement, immobile and tidy. Until it ceases to be.

What to say, then, of a hidden arch, faded and in an indeterminate stage of construction? Is it an esoteric manifestation, a gate of illumination for only a few? What happens when the Monument is taken from the hands of all, the democratic hands that decide for themselves their path and history? Rasgado is prohibiting something, or at least hinting at a past censure that continues to wound us.

Is monumental victory an illusory product, in contrast with our current realities? Have the manifestations of triumph taken over the town square, although now in the forms of decapitated heads, hidden threats, and the heat of lead? How does one depict the founding of peace in today's Mexico other than a distant and torn image of what History once made its responsibility to spread?>

In the collision between history and blood, there are many indeterminate moments; murder cannot be assuaged without first inflicting its most cruel hours. The dead. Not knowing when the dead will end.

The hidden symbol of victory obscures its apparent end. At some point it will be a public event, an arch for all. Then History. Then the Monument as an agreement, immobile and tidy. Until when, again, it ceases to be. War is the mirror of infinite time.


DEL RIGOR EN LA CIENCIA ('ON RIGOR IN SCIENCE')

On the replicable and the technical behavior of imitation:

In that Empire, the Art of Cartography achieved such Perfection that the Map of a single Province took up an entire City, and the Map of the Empire an entire Province. Over time, these Disproportionate Maps no longer satisfied, and the School of Cartographers drew up a Map of the Empire that had the Size of the Empire and matched it point by point. Less Addicted to the Study of Cartography, the Following Generations understood that the huge Map was Useless and they Impiously delivered it to the Inclemencies of the Sun and the Winters. In the Deserts of the West, Ruins of the Map live on in ruin, inhabited by Animals and Mendicants; in no other part of the Country are there any other remains of the Geographic Studies.

Jorge Luis Borges, 'Del Rigor en la Ciencia' ( 'On Rigor in Science'), Historia Universal de la Infamia


MERCED (MERCY)

Life in its ruins. Conditioned. Finding peace in a face mutilated by the city. The weight in one's lungs. Place.

No promises of charm. The robes, burnt petrochemicals. Over there is a religious space. Curtains. Sweat on the feet. Looking somewhere. Finding yourself at some point.

Life in its ruins. I've thought about my place. Before. It came out differently. Dead cells. The car like a wasps' nest. Different, for it isn't the same surviving as thinking in other ways. The sky is for everyone. A tragedy when the tragedy nearby. An episode. The slabs of all the dead. Raging heat. Piety. Clemency and piety.

The inclement city, the merciful city, the forgotten city, all of the city, the city in your arms, all in the city, the city and sex, crime, everything disoriented, we've ceased to be here, I've though about my place, we've ceased to be here.

Clemency and piety. Fire.

Mercy.


MIRRORS

In the annals of the history of magic and deceit, there's no better and more representative tool than the mirror. From its conception and first use, it manipulates the principles of representation: what's there, is in reality nothing more than the illusion of that which is being represented.

If to this we add the millenary exercise of all its possibilities where an optical illusion becomes, like in Velázquez, the construction of a fascinating and opulent metaphorical organism, then mirrors serve more as a gate to a labyrinthine and dreamlike infinite than the faithful translation of our realities. Needless to say, all reproductions are a mirror. At the very least, they're trying to be.

Whether in the form of a historic mirror, as in the Monument, or a mirror of mirrors, as in Rasgado's exhibition, reflective paths (always reflection) are symbolic and altered worlds that seek, by their unwavering mystery and magnetism, to wake us up.

In the totality of this Phyrric Victorywe find ourselves facing the mirror of time. With the trace of its imaginary―or tangible―paths, with its adaptation to analysis in the contemporary age and the presence of its meanings. That's why if someone asks about Pablo Rasgado, at least one thing must be said: he has, with his work, always sought to be a mirror for time; to own time. To record each and every one of his steps with the trappings of a Spiritist, the patience and discipline of a sharpshooter, and the somber humor of someone who seems to be planning to live forever. As if time were pliable, material, and eternal. As if it weren't a simple reflection.

Carlos Palacios, Painting on the Ruins, 2011 | ENG
Published at Arquitectura Desdoblada/Unfolded Architecture, Beau Dessordre Press, 1st ed. 2012
and Tierra Adentro Magazine, Num 170 Jun-Jul. 2011 2011

“Only a miracle will prevent it from ending.” This fatal prediction from Douglas Crimp, the famous art critic, summarizes his iconoclastic attitude toward painting as printed in the pages of that '70s and '80s bastion of conceptualism, the also-famous October magazine. It's no coincidence that the name of the article containing this phrase, published in 1981, was also as much of a death sentence as the blade of a guillotine set to fall: The End of Painting.

But this wasn't the only episode in his personal war against this technique. A year before, Crimp published a classic essay on postmodernity in the same magazine, titled On the Museum's Ruins. Based on a critique in The New York Times on the new galleries of 19th-century paintings at the Metropolitan Museum, the author reflects on the postmodern works of painter Robert Rauschenberg and on the 'death' of the museum: an essayistic tour taking in Flaubert as cited by Michel Foucault, Flaubert's own Bouvard et Pécuchet and his readings on Manet, and even André Malraux's Imaginary Museum. The trip is replete with quotations and literate references, arriving to the conclusion that the text announces in its epigraph, signed by Theodor Adorno: "museums are like the family sepulchers of works of art."

Death, sepulchers, ruins. Categorical words that in the works of Arquitectura Desdoblada ['Unfolded Architecture'], painter Pablo Rasgado's (Zapopan, Jalisco, 1984) latest series, acquire echoes of renewed intent and bet on the survival of painting from its currently ruinous state. Efforts that arise from the picturesque but are not by definition paintings. Visual gestures created from a work of restoration―never put better―but which do not attempt to recover anything useful in their appearance. Propositions in which the remains hidden among ephemeral works of architecture make themselves visible in museums, works from other artists from other eras.

And so, Pablo Rasgado's strategy in Arquitectura Desdoblada of assembling the remains of false walls that at some time were raised in museums and art centers bears the twin-purpose of reinsertion and recuperation. On one hand, the artist fosters the traditions of modern painting―its death knell is worth remembering here―and on the other, he rescues the museum's ruins (paraphrasing the title of Douglas Crimp's famous article) using construction materials discarded by the ravenous machinery of expositional production, banking on the elegance of the visible to exercise a type of institutional critique.

With respect to the recovery of the picturesque, the artist revives the modernist traditions of assembly: the direct inheritance of the avant-garde hallmarks that are collage, and its counterpart, décollage. In this way, in his latest works the artist draws on a prior sequence of explorations that he has been working on for some years now as part of another series of works; he uses a restoration technique ( strapo, with which murals are taken off their former surfaces) and relocates bits of unremarkable urban murals with zero creative intervention. In this type of décollage, Pablo Rasgado does not intend―as is the case with new-realist pioneers such as Raymond Hains, Mimmo Rotella, and Jacques Villeglé―to deconstruct a cumulative and random collection of urban materials, but rather presents the fragile skin of foreign and anonymous paintings: an effective mechanism for reappropriating that relativizes painting techniques and deems a painter as less someone who makes 'paintings' and more someone who produces what a semiologist would call a 'semantic calque' around the 'picturesque.'

Along with the rebirth that Pablo Rasgado intends with his avant-garde processes, in Arquitectura Desdoblada he takes aim at gestures that extend beyond the simple layers of paint and arrive to the elusive border between chapters in the history of art and, as mentioned above, the so-called institutional critiques. As these assemblies refer―on a formal level―to a certain deconstructive reading of abstraction (evident in the large piece of old partitions from the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts), they also depict ruins as a protagonist in the history of painting.

And it's here in particular that the works in Arquitectura Desdoblada display their greatest strengths. Pablo Rasgado does not treat the adjectives that are traditionally associated with ruins and have to do with 'how picturesque' a work is or how much it deserves to be painted: the romantic value of ruins in a landscape (the remains of an age-old temple in a forest is a good example) isn’t emphasized; rather, ruins become more a 'real' than a metaphorical resource. Their taxonomy within the classical form of two-dimensional painting and the abstract supposes the partial rewriting of the history of institutions from whence these architectural remains proceed. Each work is built with the remains, legible or not, of a work whose statement is inscribed in its respective title, evidencing a certain fragility to institutional memory as well as the speed of a museum as a producer of ruins from a materialistic perspective.

Finally, a good image from the 18th century crystallizing Pablo Rasgado's 'picturesque' strategy can be found in the reflections of priest, educator, artist, and essayist of landscape paintings, William Gilpin: “A construction built following Palladio's rules was harmonious, proportionate, and elegant, but in order for it to be of pictorial interest, one part had to be destroyed and the other torn down, leaving the mutilated remains abandoned. Then we would have transformed a tidy building into coarse ruins and no painter that could choose between the two would have any doubt about it.”

Tobias Ostrander, Unfolded Architecture, 2011 | ENG
Introductiry text | Unfolded Architecture Exhibition | Museo Experimental el ECO
Published at Arquitectura Desdoblada/Unfolded Architecture, Beau Dessordre Press, 1st ed. 2012

The current presentation of the work of Pablo Rasgado, titled Arquitectura desdoblada (unfolded architecture), includes five works from a series of the same name. Each work is made from drywall recuperated from several museums, pieces of this material left over from specific exhibitions. These fragments have been reconfigured into flat rectangular formats, which in scale and composition reference abstract paintings. Having previously been used to create three-dimensional spaces, the two-dimensional structuring of this drywall performs an ¨unfolding¨ of the previous temporary architecture; a large-scale, origami in reverse.

Trained as a painter, this series forms part of a larger project by the artist, involving ¨found paintings,¨ which include a series in which Rasgado uses a fresco-related technique to create transfers of grafitti or dirt configurations found on urban walls. The resulting artworks, like those of his Arquitectura desdoblada series, formally reference a history of gestural abstraction. Both bodies of work however, critically distance themselves from the subjectivity associated with this artistic tradition, the idea that expressionist brushstrokes convey the emotions or psychic energy of the painter. The post-conceptual approach of Rasgado celebrates the accidents, coincidence, and chance involved in the use of found, everyday materials. His configurations are not devoid of aesthetic choices, but rather celebrate the limits imposed on these decisions through the use of pre-existing forms. Re-contextualization additionally plays a strong role in this artistic practice, with new meanings created as these materials move from one physical and temporal site to another.

The five drywall paintings presented at El Eco each evidence their previous contexts, displaying a variety of decisions taken in the design the exhibitions of which they were the physical support; such as the various colors of the walls, vinyl or photographic murals used, or the fonts engaged in the wall labels. These elements are often involved in curatorial and exhibition design strategies that consciously or unconsciously present museum spaces as atemporal, conveying permanence or the feeling of a space outside of everyday time. The pieces by Rasgado deconstruct this temporal structure, revealing museum spaces as ephemeral, in constant change, with each exhibition having its own lifespan.

These ideas take on a poetic charge in two of the works that use walls taken from the Museum of Modern Art in Mexico City, from exhibitions of the artists Helen Escobedo (this great friend of Mathias Goeritz) and Mario Rangel Faz, each of whom died during or shortly after these presentations. The fragility of these broken and temporary museum walls becomes equated with that of the human body and its mortality. This impermanence however, is delayed through these Arquitectura desdobladas, as Rasgado recycles these symbolic materials and give them a new form, prolonging their duration through their new status as works of art.

There is also a tautological and humoristic play articulated in this series. When viewed within a museum context, they read like aged mirrors of these spaces, setting up a “before, after and potential future” dialogue with the walls on which they are hung. Their relationship to architecture is also both conceptual and funny, as the thought of a physical building actually being unfolded is a fantastical idea and represents conjecture that goes against the weight and seriousness with which architecture is often discussed or explored. Within the context of El Eco an interesting relationship is implied between these ideas and the Emotional Architecture of Mathias Goeritz, described in his manifesto published in 1954. The German artist called for a critique of Functionalist architecture, through structures that sought to convey emotions. Perhaps irreverent and playful compared to the gravity with which Goertiz approached these questions, the unfolded structures by Rasgado nevertheless offer a contemporary form of emotive architecture. His artworks additionally dialogue with the reduced forms and monumentality promoted by the founder of El Eco, while provocatively constructing new relationships with painting and formal abstraction.